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    <h2 id="apt-file">apt-file</h2>
<p>apt-file 是一个软件包，它索引可用存储库中软件包的内容，并允许您在所有可用软件包中搜索特定文件。
例如，假设您下载一个软件尝试运行它时，收到一条消息，告诉您无法找到特定的库文件。您就可以使用 apt-file 快速找出包含特定库的软件包可以解决问题，满足该依赖关系。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">apt-get install apt-file <span class="c1"># 安装</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">apt-file update <span class="c1"># 更新数据库</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">apt-file search &lt;filename&gt; <span class="c1"># 可以查找包含指定文件的软件包</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># example:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># apt-file search libmp3lame.so.0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># libmp3lame0: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmp3lame.so.0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 这告诉我们要满足文件libmp3lame.so.0的依赖关系，我们需要安装包libmp3lame0。您还会注意到，在结果中包名称的右侧，它告诉我们如果您安装该特定包，文件将被安装到哪里。在上面的示例中，通过安装软件包 libmp3lame0 ，我们搜索的文件“libmp3lame.so.0”的副本将安装到文件夹“/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/”中。</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote>
<p>另一个方法</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">dpkg -S libmp3lame.so.0
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">libmp3lame0:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmp3lame.so.0
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 展示了相同的基本信息。注意：apt-file适用于所有可用的软件包，无论是否安装。而dpkg -S仅查看已安装的软件包。</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="apt-source-pkg">apt source {pkg}</h2>
<pre tabindex="0"><code>apt source {pkg} # 可以用来下载指定包源码
# example
# apt source bash # 下载 bash 包源码(到当前目录)
</code></pre><h2 id="以上如何帮助我们解决一个问题">以上如何帮助我们解决一个问题？</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>我们希望查找获取窗口状态的函数，通过手册我们找到了一个函数(<code>gdk_window_get_state</code>)但是使用上有问题，并非我们所熟知的最大化，最小化，全屏等状态，而是还重叠了聚焦，平铺等状态。
而我们记得 <code>xwininfo</code> 工具函数是有打印过 窗口状态的。</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xwininfo -all
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xwininfo: Please <span class="k">select</span> the window about which you
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          would like information by clicking the
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          mouse in that window.
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xwininfo: Window id: 0x3400007 <span class="s2">&#34;html : xwininfo — Konsole&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Root window id: 0x752 <span class="o">(</span>the root window<span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">(</span>has no name<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Parent window id: 0x18003b5 <span class="o">(</span>has no name<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="m">0</span> children.
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Absolute upper-left X:  <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Absolute upper-left Y:  <span class="m">29</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Relative upper-left X:  <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Relative upper-left Y:  <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Width: <span class="m">1920</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Height: <span class="m">1005</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Depth: <span class="m">32</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Visual: 0x73b
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Visual Class: TrueColor
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Border width: <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Class: InputOutput
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Colormap: 0x3400006 <span class="o">(</span>not installed<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Bit Gravity State: NorthWestGravity
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Window Gravity State: NorthWestGravity
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Backing Store State: NotUseful
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Save Under State: no
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Map State: IsViewable
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Override Redirect State: no
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Corners:  +0+29  -0+29  -0-46  +0-46
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  -geometry 1920x1005+0+29
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Bit gravity: NorthWestGravity
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Window gravity: NorthWestGravity
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Backing-store hint: NotUseful
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Backing-planes to be preserved: 0xffffffff
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Backing pixel: <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Save-unders: No
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Someone wants these events:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      KeyPress
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      KeyRelease
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      ButtonPress
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      ButtonRelease
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      EnterWindow
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      LeaveWindow
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      PointerMotion
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      ButtonMotion
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Exposure
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      StructureNotify
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      FocusChange
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      PropertyChange
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      ColormapChange
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Do not propagate these events:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Override redirection?: No
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Window manager hints:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Client accepts input or input focus: Yes
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Initial state is Normal State
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Displayed on desktop <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Window type:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          Normal
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Window state:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          Maximized Vert
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          Maximized Horz
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          Focused
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Process id: <span class="m">160622</span> on host dev-computer
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Frame extents: 0, 0, 29, <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  Normal window size hints:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      User supplied size: <span class="m">1920</span> by <span class="m">1005</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Program supplied minimum size: <span class="m">65</span> by <span class="m">65</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      Program supplied window gravity: StaticGravity
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  No zoom window size hints defined
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  No window shape defined
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  No border shape defined
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote>
<p>那么我们能否直接找到 <code>xwininfo</code> 源码，参考他们的思路呢？</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">~: apt search xwininfo <span class="c1"># 通过平时用的命令查找到包名</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Sorting... Done
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Full Text Search... Done
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">x11-utils/stable,now 7.7+5 amd64 <span class="o">[</span>installed,automatic<span class="o">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  X11 utilities
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">~: apt <span class="nb">source</span> x11-utils <span class="c1"># 通过包名下载包源码(到当前目录)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Reading package lists... Done
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">NOTICE: <span class="s1">&#39;x11-utils&#39;</span> packaging is maintained in the <span class="s1">&#39;Git&#39;</span> version control system at:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">https://salsa.debian.org/xorg-team/app/x11-utils.git
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Please use:
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">git clone https://salsa.debian.org/xorg-team/app/x11-utils.git
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">to retrieve the latest <span class="o">(</span>possibly unreleased<span class="o">)</span> updates to the package.
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Need to get 3,059 kB of <span class="nb">source</span> archives.
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Get:1 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye/main x11-utils 7.7+5 <span class="o">(</span>dsc<span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">[</span>2,136 B<span class="o">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Get:2 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye/main x11-utils 7.7+5 <span class="o">(</span>tar<span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">[</span>3,057 kB<span class="o">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Fetched 3,059 kB in 0s <span class="o">(</span>7,412 kB/s<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">dpkg-source: info: extracting x11-utils in x11-utils-7.7+5
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">dpkg-source: info: unpacking x11-utils_7.7+5.tar.gz
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">~: ls -lah
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">x11-utils-7.7+5/
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">x11-utils_7.7+5.dsc
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">x11-utils_7.7+5.tar.gz
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">~: grep -rni <span class="s2">&#34;Window state&#34;</span> x11-utils-7.7+5 <span class="c1"># 根据关键字搜索下载好的源码</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">x11-utils-7.7+5/xwininfo/xwininfo.c:1736:               <span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;      Window state:\n&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">x11-utils-7.7+5/xprop/xprop.c:376:<span class="s2">&#34;\t\twindow state: ?</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2">=0(Withdrawn)?</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2">=1(Normal)?</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2">=3(Iconic)\n&#34;</span><span class="se">\
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>~: vim x11-utils-7.7+5/xwininfo/xwininfo.cs</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">7</span>     <span class="nf">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">atom_net_wm_state</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">6</span>     <span class="n">prop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">xcb_get_property_reply</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dpy</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">wm_state_cookie</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">5</span>     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prop</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prop</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">XCB_NONE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prop</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">value_len</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">4</span>         <span class="kt">xcb_atom_t</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">atoms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">xcb_get_property_value</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prop</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">3</span>         <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">atom_count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">prop</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">value_len</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">2</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">1</span>         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">atom_count</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="mi">1736</span>         <span class="nf">printf</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;      Window state:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">1</span>         <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">atom_count</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">2</span>             <span class="nf">Display_Atom_Name</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">atoms</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">&#34;_NET_WM_STATE_&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">3</span>         <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">4</span>     <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">5</span>     <span class="nf">free</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prop</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">   <span class="mi">6</span>     <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
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